Monument record MDR4171 - Chatsworth Gardens and Park, Chatsworth
Type and Period (2)
Protected Status/Designation
Full Description
Early and late formal gardens, pleasure grounds and landscape park. Early park to east of house c. 1450-1549. Geometrical gardens to east and south 1685 - c.1703 by George London remodelled in the naturalistic style and extended to the south east c.1755-1764 principally by Capability Brown with Paine. Same time, parkland created to west and south and extended to north. parts of village of Endsor demolished. Partial restoration and extensive new developments in pleasure grounds and park c.1813-1858 by Duke in collaboration with Joseph Paxton, including demolition of Old Endsor and building of new Village. New work post 1950. (1, 2, 4-7)
Chatsworth Park (as of 1892): owner- the Duke of Devonshire KG, acreage- 1200 acres, fence- stone walls principally, water supply- natural, number of fallow deer- 140, average weight of bucks- 98lbs, average weight of does- 70lbs, number of red deer- 61, average weight of stags- 238lbs, average weight of hinds- 182lbs, also 90 Canadian geese, Chatsworth Park lies in an undulating valley, having high hills on the east and west, it is well timbered, and the river Derwent flows through its entire length from north to south. Enclosed early in the 15th century. (3)
The area and extent of the park at Chatsworth has changed over time. On the west of the River Derwent extensive ridge and furrow shows where the open fields of Edensor and perhaps other, now lost, settlements were. In contrast, the magnificent veteran trees, predominantly oak, to the north and south of the house show the position of some of the early park. This was the lower part of the deer park that extended eastwards with a large 'Lawnd' stretching to the parish boundary, surrounding the house and stretching down the east bank of the river as far as the minor road to Beeley Hilltop. On the 1617 map Park Farm is named as 'Park Yate', with a further 'Park Yate' in the modern Park Gate position in the north. 'Barley Yate' and 'Chesterfield Stile' mark breaks in the pale towards Barlow and Chesterfield respectively. It is uncertain when the park was first created, but it seems likely that it may have been in place, together with the 'Cunygre' shown on Senior's map, before the Cavendish family arrived. A land exchange in 1823 with the Vernons at Haddon allowed the extension of the park north towards Baslow. (8)
Sources/Archives (8)
- <1> SDR977 Bibliographic reference: Anthony, J. 1979. The Gardens of Britain 6: The East Midlands.
- <2> SDR4195 Article in serial: 1968, 1973.
- <3> SDR4494 Bibliographic reference: Whitaker, J. 1892. Deer Parks & Paddocks of England.
- <4> SDR15300 Bibliographic reference: Thompson, F. 1949. A History of Chatsworth.
- <5> SDR3891 Bibliographic reference: Chadwick,GF. The Work of Sir Joseph Paxton. 1969.
- <6> SDR3988 Bibliographic reference: Coats,P. Coats,P. Great Gardens of the Western World..
- <7> SDR5038 Bibliographic reference: Devonshire, Duchess. Devonshire, Duchess of. The House.1982 and Chatsworth Garden. 1978.
- <8> SDR20777 Bibliographic reference: Wiltshire, M & Woore, S. 2009. Medieval Parks of Derbyshire. pp. 52-3.
Map
Location
| Grid reference | Centred SK 27 70 (2108m by 2994m) (Approximate) |
|---|---|
| Civil Parish | CHATSWORTH, DERBYSHIRE DALES, DERBYSHIRE |
| Civil Parish | EDENSOR, DERBYSHIRE DALES, DERBYSHIRE |
Related Monuments/Buildings (0)
Related Events/Activities (2)
- EDR3542
- EDR3558
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Record last edited
Sep 1 2016 10:19AM